How electricity supply works in electric and hybrid vehicles:

• Energy Generation and Storage. In hybrid vehicles, the generator converts the mechanical work of the internal combustion engine into electricity to power equipment and charge the battery. In electric vehicles, this task is performed on-board charger or charging station, as well as a traction motor, which, in regeneration mode, returns charge to the battery when the machine is braking.
• Storage. A high-capacity battery serves as a key power source for electric transport. In hybrid models, it supports the electric motor during peak loads or low speeds, and also stores energy gained during braking.
• Distribution. Power electronics distributes electricity between high-voltage and low-voltage consumers, auxiliary devices (e.g., climate control), ensuring uninterrupted operation of all components regardless of operating conditions.
• Optimization. The built-in algorithms of the upper-level control unit adapt the power supply to the current loads and operating mode, which reduces its consumption and increases battery life.